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Uppers and Downers
Would you be able to spot whether your colleague was under the influence of drugs?
Drugs can be grouped into four main categories: hallucinogens, inhalants, uppers and downers.
Drugs can be classified by how they impact the mind and body. For example, some drugs have a tendency to make a user active and energetic, while others make an individual feel relaxed and calm. There are four main classifications: downers, uppers, hallucinogens and inhalants. The terms ‘downer’ and ‘upper’ refer to how different drugs act on the central nervous system (CNS). In short, downers are depressants and uppers are stimulants.
This page explains how to spot the signs of each.
What are Uppers
The main use of these stimulants is to increase energy, concentration and alertness. In the short term, uppers are believed to provide a ‘rush’, increase productivity and performance, while producing an excited high of pleasure. In the long term, they are incredibly addictive and have a very high potential for abuse. Examples of uppers include:
What are Downers
These CNS depressants slow the functioning of the CNS, creating feelings of relaxation and tiredness. Many of these drugs are prescribed for symptoms of insomnia and mental illness, but are very commonly abused because they may also create feelings of euphoria. Depressants are among the most highly addictive drugs, most dangerous and most likely to cause overdose. Examples of downers include:
- Alcohol
- Opiates (heroin, methadone, codeine and morphine)
- Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Antihistamines
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens alter the user’s perception of reality. They often result in auditory and visual hallucinations, known as ‘tripping’. Although hallucinogens are generally less addictive than other drug classifications, their immediate impacts are generally more severe and dangerous. Examples of hallucinogens include: LSD, Magic mushrooms and PCP.
Inhalants
Inhalants are chemicals that are ingested primarily by breathing them in. Most inhalants are commonly used materials that are not designed to be ingested by humans. Most produce feelings of a high.
While they tend to be less addictive than many other substances, the use of inhalants is incredibly dangerous and causes many serious health effects. Examples of commonly abused inhalants include: Paint thinner, Glue and Laughing Gas.
Knowing the signs
The signs and symptoms of drug misuse can be physical, cognitive and/or psychosocial. Physical symptoms include bloodshot eyes and/or dilated or constricted pupils.
Physical Symptoms:
- Weight gain or loss
- Apparent lack of interest in appearance and/or hygiene
- Bloodshot eyes and/or dilated or constricted pupils (see below)
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Insomnia
- Scabs, scars and other skin problems that may result from injection drug use
- Dramatically increased or decreased energy.
Constricted pupils:
Associated with use of: Cocaine, Crack, Speed, Amphetamines, LSD and Ketamine.
Cognitive symptoms:
- Confusion
- Disorientation
- Impaired ability to make good judgement
- Impaired ability to focus or concentrate
Psychosocial symptoms
- Social withdrawal
- Aggression
- Mood swings
If you have further questions about uppers and downers
For expert advice on drug testing solutions, please call our Customer Services team on 01 402 9466 or email us at info@alphabiolabs.ie.
