How to read your ancestry DNA test results

The format of your ancestry DNA test results will vary depending on the type of test you have ordered, and what the test is designed to tell you about your ancestry.

Here, we explore ancestry DNA test results in more detail, including what the test results will show according to which test you take.

What is an ancestry DNA test?

An ancestry test looks at an individual’s DNA to estimate where their ancient ancestors are likely to have originated from, by comparing their DNA profile with reference samples from various populations around the world.

A lot of research has been carried out into the way in which population groups migrated out of Africa and settled in different parts of the world. This means that learning more about your DNA can provide a greater understanding of your genetic lineage.

Race is a social construct rather than a scientifically defined category and cannot always be determined by DNA alone. Genetic differences among people do not neatly align with racial categories, as human variation is continuous and complex.

For example, many traits traditionally associated with race, like skin colour or facial features, are influenced by a small subset of genes and do not represent a person’s entire genetic makeup.

Moreover, the concept of ‘race’ is fluid, and the boundaries of countries or ethnic groups are not fixed. Throughout history, populations have migrated, intermarried, and mixed, making it difficult to pinpoint clear-cut borders.

As a result, the genetic markers identified in ancestry DNA tests can reflect a diverse and interconnected human history, challenging traditional ideas of race and national identity.

How does an ancestry DNA test work?

An ancestry DNA test works by analysing a sample of an individual’s DNA – usually a cheek (buccal) swab sample. In the laboratory, the DNA is extracted from the sample and the relevant areas of interest are amplified so that they can be closely examined.

The areas of DNA analysed are spread throughout the genome and are selected as they are known to be highly variable between different population groups. The DNA profile obtained is then compared with reference population data from around the world.

By looking at DNA markers that are shared, statistical analysis can be performed to determine which populations your ancestors are likely to have originated from. Depending on the type of ancestry test performed, results are typically presented as haplogroups or expressed as an estimated percentage of heritage from various regions e.g. African, European, Native American. The results can help people understand more about their genetic background and heritage.

What do ancestry DNA test results look like?

The format of your ancestry DNA test results will vary depending on the type of test that has been performed.

For example, a Paternal Lineage Ancestry Test report will include information such as the haplogroup you belong to, where the haplogroup is likely to have originated from, how old the haplogroup is estimated to be, when it diverged from other closely related haplogroups, or famous faces that may share the same haplogroup.

The report will also include maps to visualise likely areas that your paternal ancestors originated from.

A DNA Origins Ancestry Test report provides a summary of the percentage breakdown showing the geographical regions from which your ancestors likely originated. For example, it might show that you are 75% European and 25% African. The report will also include a migration map to show the routes that your ancestors are likely to have travelled.

Maternal Lineage Ancestry Test reports will detail the haplogroup that you belong to including the time and place of origin and a map of how your maternal haplogroup has migrated over time.

How accurate are the results of an ancestry DNA test?

The results of an AlphaBiolabs ancestry DNA test are 100% accurate based on the samples we receive into our laboratory, and the most recent scientific evidence and research available.

Trying to calculate the age and origin of our ancestors is difficult and relies on lots of different pieces of ancient evidence, as well as modern-day technology.

One of the biggest challenges for scientists is finding suitable samples that can be used for testing. Ancient remains are difficult to come by, and not all remains provide sufficient DNA samples, usually due to DNA degradation.

However, obtainable DNA samples have been incredibly informative. ‘Cheddar Man’, the oldest human skeleton found in Britain, was preserved well enough for DNA samples to be obtained. Scientists found that most of Cheddar Man’s ancestry could be traced back to a genetic cluster in Italy. They also discovered that he belonged to paternal haplogroup I2 and maternal haplogroup U5.

Scientists also consider molecular clocks, locations of discovered remains, and any materials found on or near burial sites.

As more ancient evidence is uncovered, and scientific techniques continue to improve, the estimations into the age and origin of ancestry may change slightly to better fit the evidence available.

The results of all AlphaBiolabs’ Ancestry Tests are based on the most up-to-date research available, so you can be confident in your results.

Where can I buy an ancestry DNA test?

You can order an AlphaBiolabs DNA Origins Ancestry Test, Maternal Lineage Ancestry Test or Paternal Lineage Ancestry Test direct from our accredited laboratory.

With only a simple cheek (buccal) swab sample required, these tests can give you an insight into the journey your ancestors took thousands of years ago, as well as giving you an idea of where your ancestral line may have originated.

The DNA Origins Ancestry Test is suitable for everyone and can determine your biogeographic ancestry.

Our Maternal Lineage Ancestry Test is available for both men and women, as each person inherits mitochondrial DNA from their mother.

The Paternal Lineage Ancestry Test can only be taken by males, as the test analyses DNA markers on the Y chromosome, which is only found in males. However, if you are a woman who would like to find out more about the paternal lineage of your family, you can ask a close male relative (e.g. father, brother, father’s brother etc) if they would like to take the Paternal Lineage Test.

For more information about our ancestry testing, speak to our friendly, knowledgeable Customer Services team by calling 01 402 9466 or email info@alphabiolabs.ie.